ENERGY STORAGE
Electricity or purchasing energy from coal, natural gas, biomass, uranium plants, or generating it yourself from the sun, wind, an aggregate (diesel, gas, hydrogen)? The energy will have to be stored in order to use it at another time. Depending on the application and safety requirements, we can choose from lead-acid batteries, Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4), saltwater batteries for the short term, and a hydrogen module for longer seasonal storage.
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LEAD-ACID BATTERIES:
The lead-acid battery is a rechargeable galvanic cell, or several cells connected in series and/or parallel to obtain the correct voltage or capacity. This battery was invented in 1859 and is still the most sold battery in the world. The advantage of this battery is that a BMS (Battery Management System) is required. This makes the battery very robust, and the chance of a malfunction or failure is minimal. The disadvantage is the relatively poor efficiency of around 75% in cyclic use. In addition, the battery takes up a lot of space, is heavy, and must be regularly tested for capacity.
HYDROGEN METHOD
Storing energy in hydrogen is an important new storage method, especially for long-term storage. With the surplus of solar energy in the summer, you can very easily produce hydrogen for use in the winter. The combination of Lithium Iron Phosphate and hydrogen as an energy supply is now technically well under control and ensures that homes and businesses can now be completely off-grid.
LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES
The lithium-ion battery comes in a number of forms. In fact, lithium is a collective name and is therefore available in various forms with their associated properties. For energy storage for off-grid, peak shaving, grid congestion, and other storage systems, the Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4) currently has the best properties. This is much lighter and smaller than the lead-acid battery, can be charged and discharged much faster, is affordable, and is also the safest lithium battery. It is also very suitable as a power source for electric boating.
SALTWATER BATTERIES
The saltwater battery is also available in various forms. The advantage is that it is a very durable battery. Both production and recycling are much more sustainable than for a lead-acid or lithium battery. The disadvantage is the size and weight, although that does not have to be a disadvantage in every project. However, this technology has not yet been fully developed: several energy systems with this type of battery do not reach the expected lifespan and have been replaced by other types of batteries. Availability is also a challenge. The saltwater battery is currently not an option for GreenEnergySupplies.
